A few genuine cave dwellings did exist, however, such as at Mount Carmel in Israel. Until the last glacial period, the great majority of humans did not live in caves, being nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes living in a variety of temporary structures, such as tents and wooden huts (e.g., at Ohalo). The image of them living in caves arises from the fact that caves are where the preponderance of artifacts have been found from European Stone Age cultures, although this most likely reflects the degree of preservation that caves provide over the millennia rather than an indication of their typical form of shelter. Popular culture also frequently represents cavemen as living with or alongside dinosaurs, even though non-avian dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period, 66 million years before the emergence of the Homo sapiens species. They are often shown armed with rocks or cattle bone clubs that are also adorned with rocks, and are portrayed as unintelligent and aggressive. Book illustration by unknown artist for The Cave Boy of the Age of Stone (1907)Ĭavemen are typically portrayed as wearing shaggy animal hides, and capable of cave painting like behaviorally modern humans of the last glacial period.
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